Spilling, CA; Dhillon, M-PK; Burrage, DR; Ruickbie, S; Baker, EH; Barrick, TR; Jones, PW
(2021)
Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease.
PLoS One, 16 (11).
e0259375.
ISSN 1932-6203
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259375
SGUL Authors: Barrick, Thomas Richard Jones, Paul Wyatt
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Changes in brain structure and cognitive decline occur in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). They also occur with smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is unclear whether a common mechanism is responsible. METHODS: Brain MRI markers of brain structure were tested for association with disease markers in other organs. Where possible, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group markers within organ systems into composite markers. Univariate relationships between brain structure and the disease markers were explored using hierarchical regression and then entered into multivariable regression models. RESULTS: 100 participants were studied (53 COPD, 47 CAD). PCA identified two brain components: brain tissue volumes and white matter microstructure, and six components from other organ systems: respiratory function, plasma lipids, blood pressure, glucose dysregulation, retinal vessel calibre and retinal vessel tortuosity. Several markers could not be grouped into components and were analysed as single variables, these included brain white matter hyperintense lesion (WMH) volume. Multivariable regression models showed that less well organised white matter microstructure was associated with lower respiratory function (p = 0.028); WMH volume was associated with higher blood pressure (p = 0.036) and higher C-Reactive Protein (p = 0.011) and lower brain tissue volume was associated with lower cerebral blood flow (p<0.001) and higher blood pressure (p = 0.001). Smoking history was not an independent correlate of any brain marker. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of brain structure were associated with a range of markers of disease, some of which appeared to be common to both COPD and CAD. No single common pathway was identified, but the findings suggest that brain changes associated with smoking-related diseases may be due to vascular, respiratory, and inflammatory changes.
Item Type: | Article | ||||||
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Additional Information: | © 2021 Spilling et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | ||||||
Keywords: | General Science & Technology, MD Multidisciplinary | ||||||
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: | Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII) Academic Structure > Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute (MCS) |
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Journal or Publication Title: | PLoS One | ||||||
ISSN: | 1932-6203 | ||||||
Language: | eng | ||||||
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Publisher License: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||
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PubMed ID: | 34739504 | ||||||
Go to PubMed abstract | |||||||
URI: | https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/113854 | ||||||
Publisher's version: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259375 |
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