Choudhry, S;
Rowland, TAJ;
McClelland, K;
Renz, E;
Iyanger, N;
Chow, JY;
Aiano, F;
Ladhani, SN;
Jeffery-Smith, A;
Andrews, NJ;
et al.
Choudhry, S; Rowland, TAJ; McClelland, K; Renz, E; Iyanger, N; Chow, JY; Aiano, F; Ladhani, SN; Jeffery-Smith, A; Andrews, NJ; Zambon, M
(2023)
Protection from infection and reinfection due to the Omicron BA.1 variant in care homes.
Front Immunol, 14.
p. 1186134.
ISSN 1664-3224
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186134
SGUL Authors: Ladhani, Shamez Nizarali
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, care homes were disproportionately impacted by high mortality and morbidity of vulnerable elderly residents. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and improved infection control measures together with vaccination campaigns have since improved outcomes of infection. We studied the utility of past infection status, recent vaccination and anti-S antibody titres as possible correlates of protection against a newly emergent Omicron variant infection. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal surveillance of nine sentinel London care homes from April 2020 onwards found that all experienced COVID-19 outbreaks due to Omicron (BA.1) during December 2021 and January 2022, despite extensive prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure and high COVID-19 vaccination rates, including booster vaccines (>70% residents, >40% staff). RESULTS: Detailed investigation showed that 46% (133/288) of Omicron BA.1 infections were SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Two and three COVID-19 vaccine doses were protective against Omicron infection within 2-9 weeks of vaccination, though protection waned from 10 weeks post-vaccination. Prior infection provided additional protection in vaccinated individuals, approximately halving the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. DISCUSSION: Anti-S antibody titre showed a dose-dependent protective effect but did not fully account for the protection provided by vaccination or past infection, indicating that other mechanisms of protection are also involved.
Item Type: | Article | ||||||
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Additional Information: | © 2023 Choudhry, Rowland, McClelland, Renz, Iyanger, Chow, Aiano, Ladhani, Jeffery-Smith, Andrews and Zambon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | ||||||
Keywords: | COVID-19, Omicron (BA1), SARS-CoV-2, care homes, correlate of protection, outbreaks, vaccine, Aged, Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, Prospective Studies, Reinfection, Antibodies, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 | ||||||
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: | Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII) | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Front Immunol | ||||||
ISSN: | 1664-3224 | ||||||
Language: | eng | ||||||
Media of Output: | Electronic-eCollection | ||||||
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Publisher License: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||
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URI: | https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117574 | ||||||
Publisher's version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186134 |
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