Abstract

Background: Caring for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses significant challenges and parents are at increased risk of psychological distress and reduced wellbeing. Methods: We investigated the impact of having an autistic child on the wellbeing of 103 parents in Pakistan. Data were collected using the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI) and the WHO’s Quality of Life Brief Version. Results: Parents reported reduced psychological health and worsened social relationships in comparison with population norms. The mean prevalence of APSI responses indicating frequent stress was 78 % overall; 91 % around core autism behaviours, 77 % around comorbid behaviours and 65 % around comorbid physical problems. SRQ-20 scores suggested that there were moderate mental distress levels in parents of children with ASD; 60 % of participants scored ≥ 8 indicating probable mental disorder. Parenting stress, including stress specific to comorbid behaviours, was modestly associated with (total) levels of (general) mental distress and with poorer physical and psychological health. Mothers reported significantly poorer psychological health and greater levels of mental distress than fathers, while quality of life markers concerning social relationships and environmental health were higher in parents of younger children with ASD. Conclusions: Parents of children with ASD experience significant ASD-specific parental stress, psychological distress and decreased quality of life and wellbeing. These parents frequently present with reduced energy levels and depressive symptoms. This data provide a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by parents of children with ASD in Pakistan and provides a framework to guide further research and clinical practice.