Hoadley, ME; Galea, J; Singh, N; Hulme, S; Ajao, DO; Rothwell, N; King, A; Tyrrell, P; Hopkins, SJ
(2023)
The role of cortisol in immunosuppression in subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Eur J Med Res, 28 (1).
p. 303.
ISSN 2047-783X
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01222-3
SGUL Authors: Singh, Navneet
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the extent to which cortisol suppressed innate and T cell-mediated cytokine production and whether it could be involved in reducing peripheral cytokine production following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: Whole blood from healthy controls, patients with SAH and healthy volunteers was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to stimulate innate immunity, or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), to stimulate T cell-mediated immunity. Varying concentrations of cortisol were included, with or without the cortisol antagonist RU486. Concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha) TNFα were determined as a measure of innate immunity. IL-6, IL-17 (interferon gamma) IFNƔ and IL-17 were determined as an indicator of T cell-mediated immunity. RESULTS: Suppression of innate responses to LPS was apparent in whole blood from SAH patients, relative to healthy controls, and TNFα production was inversely correlated with plasma cortisol concentration. Cytokine production in whole blood from healthy volunteers was inhibited by cortisol concentrations from 0.33 µM, or 1 µM and above, and these responses were effectively reversed by the cortisol antagonist RU-486. In SAH patients, RU-486 reversed suppression of innate TNF-α and IL-6 responses, but not IL-1ß or T cell-mediated responses. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that cortisol may play a role in reducing innate, but not T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with injuries such as SAH and that cortisol antagonists could be effective in boosting early innate responses.
Item Type: |
Article
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Additional Information: |
© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
Keywords: |
Cortisol, Cytokines, Immune response, Immunosuppression, Infection, RU-486, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-6, Lipopolysaccharides, Mifepristone, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Immunosuppression Therapy, Interferon-gamma, Humans, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Mifepristone, Hydrocortisone, Lipopolysaccharides, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-17, Interferon-gamma, Immunosuppression Therapy, Cytokines, Immune response, Immunosuppression, Cortisol, RU-486, Infection, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Virology |
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: |
Academic Structure > Institute of Medical & Biomedical Education (IMBE) |
Journal or Publication Title: |
Eur J Med Res |
ISSN: |
2047-783X |
Language: |
eng |
Dates: |
Date | Event |
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29 August 2023 | Published | 12 July 2023 | Accepted |
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Publisher License: |
Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 |
Projects: |
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PubMed ID: |
37644600 |
Web of Science ID: |
WOS:001057578000001 |
![](http://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/2745237/img/27842) |
Go to PubMed abstract |
URI: |
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115803 |
Publisher's version: |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01222-3 |
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