Jain, G; Das, P; Ranjan, P; Neha; Valderrama, F; Cieza-Borrella, C
(2023)
Urinary extracellular vesicles miRNA-A new era of prostate cancer biomarkers.
Front Genet, 14.
p. 1065757.
ISSN 1664-8021
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1065757
SGUL Authors: Valderrama, Ferran
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide showing the highest rates of incidence in Western Europe. Although the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen levels is the current gold standard in PCa diagnosis, PSA-based screening is not considered a reliable diagnosis and prognosis tool due to its lower sensitivity and poor predictive score which lead to a 22%-43% overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and over-treatment. These major limitations along with the heterogeneous nature of the disease have made PCa a very unappreciative subject for diagnostics, resulting in poor patient management; thus, it urges to identify and validate new reliable PCa biomarkers that can provide accurate information in regard to disease diagnosis and prognosis. Researchers have explored the analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), small proteins, genomic rearrangements, and gene expression in body fluids and non-solid tissues in search of lesser invasive yet efficient PCa biomarkers. Although the presence of miRNAs in body fluids like blood, urine, and saliva initially sparked great interest among the scientific community; their potential use as liquid biopsy biomarkers in PCa is still at a very nascent stage with respect to other well-established diagnostics and prognosis tools. Up to date, numerous studies have been conducted in search of PCa miRNA-based biomarkers in whole blood or blood serum; however, only a few studies have investigated their presence in urine samples of which less than two tens involve the detection of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine. In addition, there exists some discrepancy around the identification of miRNAs in PCa urine samples due to the diversity of the urine fractions that can be targeted for analysis such as urine circulating cells, cell-free fractions, and exosomes. In this review, we aim to discuss research output from the most recent studies involving the analysis of urinary EVs for the identification of miRNA-based PCa-specific biomarkers.
Item Type: | Article | ||||||||||||
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Additional Information: | Copyright © 2023 Jain, Das, Ranjan, Neha, Valderrama and Cieza-Borrella. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | ||||||||||||
Keywords: | biomarker, extracellular vesicles (EV), liquid biopsy, micro-RNA, prostate cancer, 0604 Genetics, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1801 Law | ||||||||||||
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: | Academic Structure > Institute of Medical & Biomedical Education (IMBE) Academic Structure > Institute of Medical & Biomedical Education (IMBE) > Centre for Biomedical Education (INMEBE) |
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Journal or Publication Title: | Front Genet | ||||||||||||
ISSN: | 1664-8021 | ||||||||||||
Language: | eng | ||||||||||||
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Publisher License: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||||||||
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PubMed ID: | 36741322 | ||||||||||||
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URI: | https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115234 | ||||||||||||
Publisher's version: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1065757 |
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