Verberk, JDM;
de Hoog, MLA;
Westerhof, I;
van Goethem, S;
Lammens, C;
Ieven, G;
de Bruin, E;
Eggink, D;
Bielicki, JA;
Coenen, S;
et al.
Verberk, JDM; de Hoog, MLA; Westerhof, I; van Goethem, S; Lammens, C; Ieven, G; de Bruin, E; Eggink, D; Bielicki, JA; Coenen, S; van Beek, J; Bonten, MJM; Goossens, H; Bruijning-Verhagen, PCJL
(2022)
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households: a remote prospective cohort study in European countries.
Eur J Epidemiol, 37 (5).
pp. 549-561.
ISSN 1573-7284
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00870-9
SGUL Authors: Bielicki, Julia Anna
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Abstract
Household transmission studies are useful to quantify SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. We conducted a remote prospective household study to quantify transmission, and the effects of subject characteristics, household characteristics, and implemented infection control measures on transmission. Households with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 index case were enrolled < 48 h following test result. Follow-up included digitally daily symptom recording, regular nose-throat self-sampling and paired dried blood spots from all household members. Samples were tested for virus detection and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Secondary attack rates (SARs) and associated factors were estimated using logistic regression. In 276 households with 920 participants (276 index cases and 644 household members) daily symptom diaries and questionnaires were completed by 95%, and > 85% completed sample collection. 200 secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected, yielding a household SAR of 45.7% (95% CI 39.7-51.7%) and per-person SAR of 32.6% (95%CI: 28.1-37.4%). 126 (63%) secondary cases were detected at enrollment. Mild (aRR = 0.57) and asymptomatic index cases (aRR = 0.29) were less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2, compared to index cases with an acute respiratory illness (p = 0.03 for trend), and child index cases (< 12 years aRR = 0.60 and 12-18 years aRR = 0.85) compared to adults (p = 0.03 for trend). Infection control interventions in households had no significant effect on transmission. We found high SARs with the majority of transmissions occuring early after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into the household. This may explain the futile effect of implemented household measures. Age and symptom status of the index case influence secondary transmission. Remote, digitally-supported study designs with self-sampling are feasible for studying transmission under pandemic restrictions.
Item Type: | Article | ||||||||
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Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | ||||||||
Keywords: | COVID-19 (household) transmission, Epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology | ||||||||
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: | Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII) | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Eur J Epidemiol | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1573-7284 | ||||||||
Language: | eng | ||||||||
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Publisher License: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||||
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PubMed ID: | 35644003 | ||||||||
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URI: | https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/114406 | ||||||||
Publisher's version: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00870-9 |
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