Kulnik, ST; Halter, M; Hilton, A; Baron, A; Garner, S; Jarman, H; Klaassen, B; Oliver, E
(2019)
Confidence and willingness among laypersons in the UK to act in a head injury situation: a qualitative focus group study.
BMJ Open, 9 (11).
e033531.
ISSN 2044-6055
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033531
SGUL Authors: Jarman, Heather
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore factors influencing confidence and willingness among laypersons in the UK to act in a head injury situation, in order to inform first aid education offered by the British Red Cross. DESIGN: Qualitative focus group study. SETTING: South East England. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four laypersons (37 women, 7 men) were purposively recruited from the general public using snowball sampling, into one focus group each for six population groups: parents of young children (n=8), informal carers of older adults (n=7), school staff (n=7), sports coaches (n=2), young adults (n=9) and 'other' adults (n=11). The median (range) age group across the sample was 25-34 years (18-24, 84-95). Participants were from Asian (n=6), Black (n=6), Mixed (n=2) and White (n=30) ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS: The majority of participants described being confident and willing to act in a head injury scenario if that meant calling for assistance, but did not feel sufficiently confident or knowledgeable to assist or make decisions in a more involved way. Individuals' confidence and willingness presented as fluid and dependent on an interplay of situational and contextual considerations, which strongly impacted decision-making: prior knowledge and experience, characteristics of the injured person, un/observed head injury, and location and environment. These considerations may be framed as enablers or barriers to helping behaviour, impacting decision-making to the same extent as-or even more so than-the clinical signs and symptoms of head injury. An individual conceptual model is proposed to illustrate inter-relationships between these factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that confidence and willingness to act in a head injury scenario are dependent on several contextual and situational factors. It is important to address such factors, in addition to knowledge of clinical signs and symptoms, in first aid education and training to improve confidence and willingness to act.
Item Type: |
Article
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Additional Information: |
Copyright information: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. |
Keywords: |
brain concussion, craniocerebral trauma, decision-making, first aid, head injury, health education, public health, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Craniocerebral Trauma, Decision Making, England, Female, First Aid, Focus Groups, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Young Adult, Humans, Craniocerebral Trauma, First Aid, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Decision Making, Health Education, Qualitative Research, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, England, Female, Male, Young Adult |
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: |
Academic Structure > Population Health Research Institute (INPH) |
Journal or Publication Title: |
BMJ Open |
ISSN: |
2044-6055 |
Language: |
eng |
Dates: |
Date | Event |
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4 November 2019 | Published | 17 October 2019 | Published Online |
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Publisher License: |
Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 |
PubMed ID: |
31690611 |
Web of Science ID: |
WOS:000512774800378 |
![](http://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/2745237/img/27842) |
Go to PubMed abstract |
URI: |
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/114276 |
Publisher's version: |
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033531 |
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