Essential Medicines at the National Level: The Global Asthma Network's Essential Asthma Medicines Survey 2014

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Bissell, K; Ellwood, P; Ellwood, E; Chiang, C-Y; Marks, GB; El Sony, A; Asher, I; Billo, N; Perrin, C; Asher, I; et al. Bissell, K; Ellwood, P; Ellwood, E; Chiang, C-Y; Marks, GB; El Sony, A; Asher, I; Billo, N; Perrin, C; Asher, I; Billo, NE; Bissell, K; Chiang, C-Y; El Sony, A; Ellwood, P; Garcia-Marcos, L; Mallol, J; Marks, GB; Pearce, N; Strachan, D; Priftanji, A; Boukari, R; Taright, S; Gomez, M; Baghdasaryan, A; Burgess, S; Marks, GB; Mattes, J; Tai, A; Riedler, J; Shpakou, A; Weyler, J; Lawin, H; de Abruzzese, AJ; Domuz, S; Brandao, HV; Camargos, PAM; Fischer, GB; Menezes, AM; Porto Neto, AC; Rosario, N; Sole, D; Mustakov, TB; Birba, E; Ngahane, MBH; Tse, SM; Standring, P; Aguirre, V; Calvo Gil, MA; Chen, Y-Z; Kan, X; Garcia, E; Niederbacher, J; Obel, KB; Soto-Quiros, ME; Banac, S; Yiallouros, P; Lochte, L; Barba, S; Bustos, C; El Falaki, M; Figueroa Colorado, M; Weihe, P; Lal, VA; Makela, M; Annesi-Maesano, I; Raherison, C; Annesi-Maesano, I; Gotua, M; von Mutius, E; Addo-Yobo, EO; Akpinar-Elci, M; Lai, CKW; Novak, Z; Kabra, SK; Ilangho, RP; Pherwani, AV; Sharma, SK; Sukumaran, TU; Dalimunthe, W; Karimi, M; Masjedi, M-R; Manning, P; Shohat, T; Forastiere, F; La Grutta, S; Petronio, MG; Piffer, S; Kahwa, E; Odajima, H; Abu-Ekteish, F; Amukoye, EI; Esamai, FO; Hong, S-J; Neziri-Ahmetaj, L; Momen, JA; Akkhavong, K; Svabe, V; Vlaski, E; Mortimer, K; Daud, M; Montefort, S; Del Rio Navarro, BE; Jimenez Gonzalez, CA; Merida-Palacio, JV; Paramo-Arroyo, RF; Munkhbayarlakh, S; Brunekreef, B; Annesi-Maesano, I; Asher, I; Currie, S; Douwes, J; Graham, D; Hancox, R; Moyes, C; Pattemore, P; Vis, K; Cordero, RMZ; Ayuk, A; Falade, AG; Garba, IB; Hammangabdo, A; Onyia, N; Pulu, M; Nystad, W; Al-Rawas, O; Yusuf, MO; Watson, BM; El Sharif, N; Cukier, G; Chiarella, P; Pagcatipunan, R; Breborowicz, A; Lis, G; Morais-Almeida, M; Annesi-Maesano, I; Deleanu, D; Kamaltynova, E; Kondiurina, EG; Esera-Tulifau, L; Al-Ghamdi; Memish, ZA; Nahhas, MA; Yousef, A; Toure, NO; Visnjevac, D; Zivkovic, Z; Deen, GF; Goh, DYT; Masekala, R; Zar, HJ; Carvajal-Uruena, I; Garcia-Marcos, L; Gonzalez Diaz, C; Korta Murua, J; Luna-Paredes, C; Morales-Suarez-Varela, M; Praena-Crespo, M; Kudagammana, ST; El Sony, A; Mohammad, Y; Guo, YL; Huang, J-L; Lao-Araya, M; Teeratakulpisarn, J; Vichyanond, P; Anderson, S; Tidjani, O; Iosefa, T; Aho, G; Dookeeram, D; Hamzaoui, A; Yorgancioglu, A; Ituaso-Conway, N; Worodria, W; Fedortsiv, O; Mahboub, B; Mansur, AH; Kumar, H; Valentin-Rostan, M; Harrison, G; Fiocchi, A; Le, LTT; Wa Somwe, S; Manangazira, P; Grp, GANS (2019) Essential Medicines at the National Level: The Global Asthma Network's Essential Asthma Medicines Survey 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 16 (4). p. 605. ISSN 1660-4601 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040605
SGUL Authors: Strachan, David Peter

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Abstract

Patients with asthma need uninterrupted supplies of affordable, quality-assured essential medicines. However, access in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Global Action Plan 2013–2020 sets an 80% target for essential NCD medicines’ availability. Poor access is partly due to medicines not being included on the national Essential Medicines Lists (EML) and/or National Reimbursement Lists (NRL) which guide the provision of free/subsidised medicines. We aimed to determine how many countries have essential asthma medicines on their EML and NRL, which essential asthma medicines, and whether surveys might monitor progress. A cross-sectional survey in 2013–2015 of Global Asthma Network principal investigators generated 111/120 (93%) responses—41 high-income countries and territories (HICs); 70 LMICs. Patients in HICs with NRL are best served (91% HICs included ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and salbutamol). Patients in the 24 (34%) LMICs with no NRL and the 14 (30%) LMICs with an NRL, however no ICS are likely to have very poor access to affordable, quality-assured ICS. Many LMICs do not have essential asthma medicines on their EML or NRL. Technical guidance and advocacy for policy change is required. Improving access to these medicines will improve the health system’s capacity to address NCDs.

Item Type:

Article

Additional Information:

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords:

essential medicines, access, noncommunicable diseases, asthma, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, national reimbursement list, MD Multidisciplinary, Toxicology

SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre:

Academic Structure > Population Health Research Institute (INPH)

Journal or Publication Title:

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

ISSN:

1660-4601

Dates: