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Long-Term Neuromodulatory Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Plasmatic Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) Levels and Visuospatial Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Cirillo, G; Pepe, R; Siciliano, M; Ippolito, D; Ricciardi, D; de Stefano, M; Buonanno, D; Atripaldi, D; Abbadessa, S; Perfetto, B; et al. Cirillo, G; Pepe, R; Siciliano, M; Ippolito, D; Ricciardi, D; de Stefano, M; Buonanno, D; Atripaldi, D; Abbadessa, S; Perfetto, B; Sharbafshaaer, M; Sepe, G; Bonavita, S; Iavarone, A; Todisco, V; Papa, M; Tedeschi, G; Esposito, S; Trojsi, F (2023) Long-Term Neuromodulatory Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on Plasmatic Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) Levels and Visuospatial Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Int J Mol Sci, 24 (4). p. 3231. ISSN 1422-0067 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043231
SGUL Authors: Siciliano, Mattia

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Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that is used against cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the rTMS therapeutic effects are still only partially investigated. Maladaptive plasticity, glial activation, and neuroinflammation, including metalloproteases (MMPs) activation, might represent new potential targets of the neurodegenerative process and progression from MCI to AD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of bilateral rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on plasmatic levels of MMP1, -2, -9, and -10; MMPs-related tissue inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2; and cognitive performances in MCI patients. Patients received high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS (MCI-TMS, n = 9) or sham stimulation (MCI-C, n = 9) daily for four weeks, and they were monitored for six months after TMS. The plasmatic levels of MMPs and TIMPs and the cognitive and behavioral scores, based on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Beck Depression Inventory II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Apathy Evaluation Scale, were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 1 month (T1) and 6 months (T2) since rTMS. In the MCI-TMS group, at T2, plasmatic levels of MMP1, -9, and -10 were reduced and paralleled by increased plasmatic levels of TIMP1 and TIMP2 and improvement of visuospatial performances. In conclusion, our findings suggest that targeting DLPFC by rTMS might result in the long-term modulation of the MMPs/TIMPs system in MCI patients and the neurobiological mechanisms associated with MCI progression to dementia.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: metalloprotease, mild cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, neuromodulation, Humans, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, Cognitive Dysfunction, Alzheimer Disease, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Prefrontal Cortex, 0399 Other Chemical Sciences, 0604 Genetics, 0699 Other Biological Sciences, Chemical Physics
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute (MCS)
Journal or Publication Title: Int J Mol Sci
ISSN: 1422-0067
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
6 February 2023Published
3 February 2023Accepted
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
PubMed ID: 36834642
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/115209
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043231

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