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Mother's Milk: A Purposeful Contribution to the Development of the infant Microbiota and immunity

Le Doare, K; Holder, B; Bassett, A; Pannaraj, PS (2018) Mother's Milk: A Purposeful Contribution to the Development of the infant Microbiota and immunity. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 9. p. 361. ISSN 1664-3224 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00361
SGUL Authors: Le Doare, Kirsty

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Abstract

Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution. In addition to providing a source of nutrition, breast milk contains a diverse array of microbiota and myriad biologically active components that are thought to guide the infant’s developing mucosal immune system. It is believed that bacteria from the mother’s intestine may translocate to breast milk and dynamically transfer to the infant. Such interplay between mother and her infant is a key to establishing a healthy infant intestinal microbiome. These intestinal bacteria protect against many respiratory and diarrheal illnesses, but are subject to environmental stresses such as antibiotic use. Orchestrating the development of the microbiota are the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the synthesis of which are partially determined by the maternal genotype. HMOs are thought to play a role in preventing pathogenic bacterial adhesion though multiple mechanisms, while also providing nutrition for the microbiome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, carry a diverse cargo, including mRNA, miRNA, and cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins, and are readily detectable in human breast milk. Strongly implicated in cell–cell signaling, EVs could therefore may play a further role in the development of the infant microbiome. This review considers the emerging role of breast milk microbiota, bioactive HMOs, and EVs in the establishment of the neonatal microbiome and the consequent potential for modulation of neonatal immune system development.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © 2018 Le Doare, Holder, Bassett and Pannaraj. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Keywords: breast milk, microbiota, microbiome, human milk oligosaccharides, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, infant microbiome, breast milk microbiome
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
ISSN: 1664-3224
Dates:
DateEvent
28 February 2018Published
8 February 2018Accepted
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Projects:
Project IDFunderFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDMedical Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
K23 HD072774-02National Institutes of Healthhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
OPP115363Bill and Melinda Gates Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865
UNSPECIFIEDBritish Research CouncilUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIEDThrasher FoundationUNSPECIFIED
Web of Science ID: WOS:000426289100001
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/109669
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00361

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