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Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting.

Arrieta, M-C; Arévalo, A; Stiemsma, L; Dimitriu, P; Chico, ME; Loor, S; Vaca, M; Boutin, RCT; Morien, E; Jin, M; et al. Arrieta, M-C; Arévalo, A; Stiemsma, L; Dimitriu, P; Chico, ME; Loor, S; Vaca, M; Boutin, RCT; Morien, E; Jin, M; Turvey, SE; Walter, J; Parfrey, LW; Cooper, PJ; Finlay, B (2018) Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 142 (2). 424-434.e10. ISSN 1097-6825 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.041
SGUL Authors: Cooper, Philip John

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood. Recently, we identified a critical window early in the life of both mice and Canadian infants during which gut microbial changes (dysbiosis) affect asthma development. Given geographic differences in human gut microbiota worldwide, we studied the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on atopic wheeze in a population living in a distinct developing world environment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether microbial alterations in early infancy are associated with the development of atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort from rural Ecuador in which we identified 27 children with atopic wheeze and 70 healthy control subjects at 5 years of age. We analyzed bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiota in stool samples collected at 3 months of age using 16S and 18S sequencing. Bacterial metagenomes were predicted from 16S rRNA data by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States and categorized by function with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology. Concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids were determined by using gas chromatography. RESULTS: As previously observed in Canadian infants, microbial dysbiosis at 3 months of age was associated with later development of atopic wheeze. However, the dysbiosis in Ecuadorian babies involved different bacterial taxa, was more pronounced, and also involved several fungal taxa. Predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis-associated differences in genes involved in carbohydrate and taurine metabolism. Levels of the fecal short-chain fatty acids acetate and caproate were reduced and increased, respectively, in the 3-month stool samples of children who went on to have atopic wheeze. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the importance of fungal and bacterial microbiota during the first 100 days of life on the development of atopic wheeze and provide additional support for considering modulation of the gut microbiome as a primary asthma prevention strategy.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Asthma, atopy, gut microbiome, mycobiome, nonindustrialized setting, short-chain fatty acids, wheeze, Allergy, 1107 Immunology
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: J Allergy Clin Immunol
ISSN: 1097-6825
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
1 August 2018Published
11 December 2017Published Online
23 August 2017Accepted
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Projects:
Project IDFunderFunder ID
088862/Z/09/ZWellcome Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440
5T32CA009142-37National Institutes of Healthhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
PubMed ID: 29241587
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/109325
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.041

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