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Comparison of Cytokine Responses in Ecuadorian Children Infected with Giardia, Ascaris, or Both Parasites.

Weatherhead, J; Cortés, AA; Sandoval, C; Vaca, M; Chico, M; Loor, S; Cooper, PJ; Mejia, R (2017) Comparison of Cytokine Responses in Ecuadorian Children Infected with Giardia, Ascaris, or Both Parasites. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 96 (6). pp. 1394-1399. ISSN 1476-1645 https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0580
SGUL Authors: Cooper, Philip John

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Abstract

More than 2 billion people are infected with parasites globally, and the majority have coinfections. Intestinal protozoa and helminths induce polarizing CD4(+) T-helper cell 1 (Th1) mediated cytokine responses within the host. Such immune polarization may inhibit the ability of the host to mount an adequate immune response for pathogen clearance to concurrent pathogens. The current study evaluated the plasma cytokine profile in Ascaris and Giardia coinfected children compared with Giardia- and Ascaris-only infected children. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected from asymptomatic 3-year-old children living in the district of Quininde, Ecuador. Stool samples that tested positive for Giardia lamblia-only, Ascaris lumbricoides-only, or G. lamblia and A. lumbricoides coinfections were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma samples from the study subjects were used to quantitate cytokines. A total of 39 patients were evaluated. Children with coinfection had a significant decrease in Th1 cytokine production, interleukin 2 (IL-2) (P < 0.05), IL-12 (P < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05) compared with Giardia-only infected children. Coinfected children had an increase in IL-10/interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ratio compared with uninfected (P < 0.05) and Ascaris alone (P < 0.05). The increased IL-10/IFN-γ ratio in the setting of decreased Th1 cytokine response indicates Th2 polarization in the coinfected group. Reduced Th1 cytokines in children coinfected with Ascaris and Giardia may impair the host's ability to eradicate Giardia infection leading to chronic giardiasis.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 96(6), 2017, pp. 1394–1399 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0580 Copyright © 2017 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Keywords: Tropical Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: Am J Trop Med Hyg
ISSN: 1476-1645
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
June 2017Published
13 March 2017Published Online
18 January 2017Accepted
Publisher License: Publisher's own licence
PubMed ID: 28719267
Web of Science ID: WOS:000405659100023
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/109027
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0580

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