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Evaluation of a Novel Point-of-Care Cryptococcal Antigen Test on Serum, Plasma, and Urine From Patients With HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis

Jarvis, JN; Percival, A; Bauman, S; Pelfrey, J; Meintjes, G; Williams, GN; Longley, N; Harrison, TS; Kozel, TR (2011) Evaluation of a Novel Point-of-Care Cryptococcal Antigen Test on Serum, Plasma, and Urine From Patients With HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 53 (10). 1019 - 1023 (5). ISSN 1058-4838 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir613
SGUL Authors: Harrison, Thomas Stephen Jarvis, Joseph Nicholas

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Abstract

Background. Many deaths from cryptococcal meningitis (CM) may be preventable through early diagnosis and treatment. An inexpensive point-of-care (POC) assay for use with urine or a drop of blood would facilitate early diagnosis of cryptococcal infection in resource-limited settings. We compared cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) concentrations in plasma, serum, and urine from patients with CM, using an antigen-capture assay for glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and a novel POC dipstick test. Methods. GXM concentrations were determined in paired serum, plasma, and urine from 62 patients with active or recent CM, using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A dipstick lateral-flow assay developed using the same monoclonal antibodies for the sandwich ELISA was tested in parallel. Correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman rank test. Results. All patients had detectable GXM in serum, plasma, and urine using the quantitative ELISA. Comparison of paired serum and plasma showed identical results. There were strong correlations between GXM levels in serum/urine (rs = 0.86; P < .001) and plasma/urine (rs = 0.85; P < .001). Levels of GXM were 22-fold lower in urine than in serum/plasma. The dipstick test was positive in serum, plasma, and urine in 61 of 62 patients. Dipstick titers correlated strongly with ELISA. Correlations between the methods were 0.93 (P < .001) for serum, 0.94 (P < .001) for plasma, and 0.94 (P < .001) for urine. Conclusions. This novel dipstick test has the potential to markedly improve early diagnosis of CM in many settings, enabling testing of urine in patients presenting to health care facilities in which lumbar puncture, or even blood sampling, is not feasible.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: PubMed ID: 21940419
Keywords: Adult, Antigens, Fungal, Biological Markers, Cryptococcus neoformans, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Immunoassay, Male, Meningitis, Cryptococcal, Point-of-Care Systems, Polysaccharides, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY, MAJOR CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, IMMUNORECESSIVE EPITOPES, AMPHOTERICIN-B, ANTIBODIES, ADULTS, GLUCURONOXYLOMANNAN, NEOFORMANS, PROGRAM, AFRICA
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
ISSN: 1058-4838
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Dates:
DateEvent
15 November 2011Published
Web of Science ID: WOS:000295937100011
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URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/103683
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir613

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