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Five-year Pan-European, longitudinal surveillance of Clostridium difficile ribotype prevalence and antimicrobial resistance: the extended ClosER study.

Freeman, J; Vernon, J; Pilling, S; Morris, K; Nicolson, S; Shearman, S; Clark, E; Palacios-Fabrega, JA; Wilcox, M; Pan-European Longitudinal Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance (2020) Five-year Pan-European, longitudinal surveillance of Clostridium difficile ribotype prevalence and antimicrobial resistance: the extended ClosER study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 39 (1). pp. 169-177. ISSN 1435-4373 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03708-7
SGUL Authors: Planche, Timothy David

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Abstract

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been primarily treated with metronidazole or vancomycin. High recurrence rates, the emergence of epidemic PCR ribotypes (RTs) and the introduction of fidaxomicin in Europe in 2011 necessitate surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and CDI epidemiology. The ClosER study monitored antimicrobial susceptibility and geographical distribution of C. difficile RTs pre- and post-fidaxomicin introduction. From 2011 to 2016, 28 European countries submitted isolates or faecal samples for determination of PCR ribotype, toxin status and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of metronidazole, vancomycin, rifampicin, fidaxomicin, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, imipenem, chloramphenicol and tigecycline. RT diversity scores for each country were calculated and mean MIC results used to generate cumulative resistant scores (CRSs) for each isolate and country. From 40 sites, 3499 isolates were analysed, of which 95% (3338/3499) were toxin positive. The most common of the 264 RTs isolated was RT027 (mean prevalence 11.4%); however, RT prevalence varied greatly between countries and between years. The fidaxomicin geometric mean MIC for years 1-5 was 0.04 mg/L; only one fidaxomicin-resistant isolate (RT344) was submitted (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L). Metronidazole and vancomycin geometric mean MICs were 0.46 mg/L and 0.70 mg/L, respectively. Of prevalent RTs, RT027, RT017 and RT012 demonstrated resistance or reduced susceptibility to multiple antimicrobials. RT diversity was inversely correlated with mean CRS for individual countries (Pearson coefficient r = - 0.57). Overall, C. difficile RT prevalence remained stable in 2011-2016. Fidaxomicin susceptibility, including in RT027, was maintained post-introduction. Reduced ribotype diversity in individual countries was associated with increased antimicrobial resistance.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © The Author(s) 2019 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Clostridium difficile, Ribotype prevalence, Surveillance, Pan-European Longitudinal Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance among Prevalent Clostridium difficile Ribotypes’ Study Group, Clostridium difficile, Ribotype prevalence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Antimicrobial resistance, Surveillance, Microbiology, 06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
ISSN: 1435-4373
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
January 2020Published
7 December 2019Published Online
11 September 2019Accepted
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Projects:
Project IDFunderFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDAstellas Pharma, Inc.UNSPECIFIED
PubMed ID: 31811507
Web of Science ID: WOS:000511888500019
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/111705
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03708-7

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