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Targeted Perfusion Therapy in Spinal Cord Trauma.

Saadoun, S; Papadopoulos, MC (2020) Targeted Perfusion Therapy in Spinal Cord Trauma. Neurotherapeutics, 17 (2). pp. 511-521. ISSN 1878-7479 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-019-00820-6
SGUL Authors: Papadopoulos, Marios

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Abstract

We review state-of-the-art monitoring techniques for acute, severe traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) to facilitate targeted perfusion of the injured cord rather than applying universal mean arterial pressure targets. Key concepts are discussed such as intraspinal pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) at the injury site, respectively, analogous to intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure for traumatic brain injury. The concept of spinal cord autoregulation is introduced and quantified using spinal pressure reactivity index (sPRx), which is analogous to pressure reactivity index for traumatic brain injury. The U-shaped relationship between sPRx and SCPP defines the optimum SCPP as the SCPP that minimizes sPRx (i.e., maximizes autoregulation), and suggests that not only ischemia but also hyperemia at the injury site may be detrimental. The observation that optimum SCPP varies between patients and temporally in each patient supports individualized management. We discuss multimodality monitoring, which revealed strong correlations between SCPP and injury site metabolism (tissue glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, glycerol), monitored by surface microdialysis. Evidence is presented that the dura is a major, but unappreciated, cause of spinal cord compression after TSCI; we thus propose expansion duroplasty as a novel treatment. Monitoring spinal cord blood flow at the injury site has revealed novel phenomena, e.g., 3 distinct blood flow patterns, local steal, and diastolic ischemia. We conclude that monitoring from the injured spinal cord in the intensive care unit is a safe technique that appears to enable optimized and individualized spinal cord perfusion.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Keywords: Blood pressure, critical care, decompression, dura, monitoring, spinal cord injury, Neurology & Neurosurgery
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute (MCS)
Journal or Publication Title: Neurotherapeutics
ISSN: 1878-7479
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
April 2020Published
8 January 2020Published Online
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
PubMed ID: 31916236
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/111567
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-019-00820-6

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