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Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity in England, September 2006 to August 2016.

Hungerford, D; Allen, DJ; Nawaz, S; Collins, S; Ladhani, S; Vivancos, R; Iturriza-Gómara, M (2019) Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity in England, September 2006 to August 2016. Euro Surveill, 24 (6). ISSN 1560-7917 https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.6.1700774
SGUL Authors: Ladhani, Shamez Nizarali

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Abstract

Introduction Rotavirus vaccination with the live-attenuated monovalent (a G1P[8] human rotavirus strain) two-dose Rotarix vaccine was introduced in England in July 2013. Since then, there have been significant reductions in rotavirus gastroenteritis incidence. Aim We assessed the vaccine's impact on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity 3 years post-vaccine introduction. Methods Epidemiological and microbiological data on genotyped rotavirus-positive samples between September 2006 and August 2016 were supplied by EuroRotaNet and Public Health England. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year, season and age was used to quantify changes in genotype prevalence in the vaccine period. Genotype diversity was measured using the Shannon's index (H') and Simpson's index of diversity (D). Results We analysed genotypes from 8,044 faecal samples. In the pre-vaccine era, G1P[8] was most prevalent, ranging from 39% (411/1,057) to 74% (527/709) per year. In the vaccine era, G1P[8] prevalence declined each season (35%, 231/654; 12%, 154/1,257; 5%, 34/726) and genotype diversity increased significantly in 6-59 months old children (H' p < 0.001: D p < 0.001). In multinomial analysis, G2P[4] (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aMOR): 9.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.02-12.90), G3P[8] (aMOR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.17-3.81), G12P[8] (aMOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.62-3.73) and G4P[8] (aMOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02-1.96) significantly increased relative to G1P[8]. Conclusions In the context of reduced rotavirus disease incidence, genotype diversity has increased, with a relative change in the dominant genotype from G1P[8] to G2P[4] after vaccine introduction. These changes will need continued surveillance as the number and age of vaccinated birth cohorts increase in the future.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2019.
Keywords: epidemiology, molecular methods, rotavirus, surveillance, typing, vaccine-preventable diseases
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: Euro Surveill
ISSN: 1560-7917
Language: eng
Dates:
DateEvent
7 February 2019Published
6 July 2018Accepted
Publisher License: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0
Projects:
Project IDFunderFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDWellcome Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440
PubMed ID: 30755297
Go to PubMed abstract
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/111084
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.6.1700774

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