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Neonatal presentation of familial glucocorticoid deficiency resulting from a novel splice mutation in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein

Jain, V; Metherell, LA; David, A; Sharma, R; Sharma, PK; Clark, AJ; Chan, LF (2011) Neonatal presentation of familial glucocorticoid deficiency resulting from a novel splice mutation in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, 165 (6). 987 - 991. ISSN 0804-4643 https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0581
SGUL Authors: Clark, Adrian John L

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Abstract

Background Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Mutations in the ACTH receptor/melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), the MC2R accessory protein (MRAP) or the STAR protein (STAR) cause FGD types 1, 2 and 3, respectively, accounting for ∼50% of all cases. Patient and methods We report a neonate of Indian origin, who was diagnosed with FGD in the first few days of life. He presented with hypoglycaemic seizures and was noted to have generalised intense hyperpigmentation and normal male genitalia. Biochemical investigations revealed hypocortisolaemia (cortisol 0.223 μg/dl; NR 1–23 μg/dl) and elevated plasma ACTH (170 pg/ml). Serum electrolytes, aldosterone and plasma renin activity were normal. Peak cortisol following a standard synacthen test was 0.018 μg/dl. He responded to hydrocortisone treatment and continues on replacement. Patient DNA was analysed by direct sequencing. The effect of the novel mutation was assessed by an in vitro splicing assay using wild type and mutant heterologous minigenes. Results A novel homozygous mutation c.106+2_3dupTA was found in the MRAP gene. Both parents were heterozygous for the mutation. In an in vitro splicing assay, the mutation resulted in the skipping of exon 3. Conclusion We have identified a novel MRAP mutation where disruption of the intron 3 splice-site results in a prematurely terminated translation product. This protein (if produced) would lack the transmembrane domain that is essential for MC2R interaction. We predict that this would cause complete lack of ACTH response thus explaining the early presentation in this case.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: © 2011 European Society of Endocrinology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the European Journal of Endocrinology's Re-use Licence which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Age Factors, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Introns, Male, Membrane Proteins, Mutation, RNA Splice Sites, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism, ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN RECEPTOR, ACTH RECEPTOR, TRAFFICKING, TYPE-2, LEAD, MRAP, FGD, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1114 Paediatrics And Reproductive Medicine
Journal or Publication Title: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
ISSN: 0804-4643
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Dates:
DateEvent
1 December 2011Published
Web of Science ID: WOS:000297687900018
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/107144
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0581

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