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Upper Airways Microbiota in Antibiotic-Naive Wheezing and Healthy Infants from the Tropics of Rural Ecuador

Cardenas, PA; Cooper, PJ; Cox, MJ; Chico, M; Arias, C; Moffatt, MF; Cookson, WO (2012) Upper Airways Microbiota in Antibiotic-Naive Wheezing and Healthy Infants from the Tropics of Rural Ecuador. PLOS ONE, 7 (10). e46803 (1)- e46803 (10). ISSN 1932-6203 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046803
SGUL Authors: Cooper, Philip John

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Abstract

Background: Observations that the airway microbiome is disturbed in asthma may be confounded by the widespread use of antibiotics and inhaled steroids. We have therefore examined the oropharyngeal microbiome in early onset wheezinginfants from a rural area of tropical Ecuador where antibiotic usage is minimal and glucocorticoid usage is absent. Materials and Methods: We performed pyrosequencing of amplicons of the polymorphic bacterial 16S rRNA gene from oropharyngeal samples from 24 infants with non-infectious early onset wheezing and 24 healthy controls (average age 10.2 months). We analyzed microbial community structure and differences between cases and controls by QIIME software. Results: We obtained 76,627 high quality sequences classified into 182 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Firmicutes was the most common and diverse phylum (71.22% of sequences) with Streptococcus being the most common genus (49.72%). Known pathogens were found significantly more often in cases of infantile wheeze compared to controls, exemplified by Haemophilus spp. (OR = 2.12, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.82–2.47; P = 5.46610223) and Staphylococcus spp. (OR = 124.1, 95%CI 59.0–261.2; P = 1.876102241). Other OTUs were less common in cases than controls, notably Veillonella spp. (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.56–0.62; P = 8.06610286). Discussion: The airway microbiota appeared to contain many more Streptococci than found in Western Europe and the USA. Comparisons between healthy and wheezing infants revealed a significant difference in several bacterial phylotypes that were not confounded by antibiotics or use of inhaled steroids. The increased prevalence of pathogens such as Haemophilus and Staphylococcus spp. in cases may contribute to wheezing illnesses in this age group.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Copyright: 2012 Cardenas et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Keywords: Bacteria, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, DNA, Bacterial, Ecuador, Female, Genetic Variation, Haemophilus, Humans, Infant, Male, Metagenome, Oropharynx, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Respiratory Sounds, Rural Health, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Tropical Climate, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, CHILDHOOD ASTHMA, MICROORGANISMS, COLONIZATION, ALIGNMENTS, PREVALENCE, DIVERSITY, SOFTWARE, BACTERIA, PROJECT, CONTEXT, General Science & Technology, MD Multidisciplinary
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: PLOS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
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Dates:
DateEvent
5 October 2012Published
Web of Science ID: WOS:000309827300061
URI: https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/107079
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046803

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